准备Nodejs开发环境Ubuntu

目录：

通过apt-get安装nodejs ? 失败
从github下载源代码安装 ? 成功
建立express工程，启动第一个项目

系统环境：

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64bit

1. 通过apt-get安装nodejs ? 失败：

 ~ sudo apt-get install nodejs
~ sudo apt-get install npm

~ node -v
v0.6.12

~ npm -v
1.1.4

创建工作目录

 ~ mkdir workspace
~ mkdir workspace/nodejs
~ cd workspace/nodejs
~ pwd
/home/conan/workspace/nodejs

安装失败

 sudo npm install express -g
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/express
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/express
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/connect/2.7.11
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/commander/0.6.1
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/range-parser/0.0.4
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/0.3.4
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie/0.1.0
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer-crc32/0.2.1
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/fresh/0.1.0
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/methods/0.0.1
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/send/0.1.0
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie-signature/1.0.1
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/debug
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/commander/0.6.1
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/connect/2.7.11
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/range-parser/0.0.4
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/mkdirp/0.3.4
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie/0.1.0
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer-crc32/0.2.1
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/fresh/0.1.0
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/methods/0.0.1
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/send/0.1.0
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie-signature/1.0.1
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/debug
npm ERR! error installing [email protected]
npm ERR! error rolling back [email protected] Error: UNKNOWN, unknown error ’/usr/local/lib/node_modules/express’

npm ERR! Unsupported
npm ERR! Not compatible with your version of node/npm: [email protected]
npm ERR! Required: {"node":">= 0.8.0"}
npm ERR! Actual: {"npm":"1.1.4","node":"0.6.12"}
npm ERR!
npm ERR! System Linux 3.5.0-23-generic
npm ERR! command "node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "express" "-g"
npm ERR! cwd /home/conan/workspace/nodejs
npm ERR! node -v v0.6.12
npm ERR! npm -v 1.1.4
npm ERR! code ENOTSUP
npm ERR! message Unsupported
npm ERR! errno {}
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mime/1.2.6
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in:
npm ERR! /home/conan/workspace/nodejs/npm-debug.log
npm not ok

系统提示, node和npm版本不兼容。可能是终于apt-get源没有更新造成的问题。

2. 从github下载源代码安装 ? 成功

下面要找到兼容的版本，手动安装。
先卸载刚刚装的node和npm

 ~ sudo apt-get autoremove npm
~ sudo apt-get autoremove nodejs

找到nodejs的官方发布下载：https://github.com/joyent/node

在ubuntu中，先安装git

 ~ sudo apt-get install git

然后，从github下载nodejs源代码

 ~ git clone git://github.com/joyent/node.git
Cloning into ’node’...
remote: Counting objects: 100200, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (28074/28074), done.
remote: Total 100200 (delta 78807), reused 90936 (delta 70473)
Receiving objects: 100% (100200/100200), 61.81 MiB | 698 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (78807/78807), done.

进入node目录

 ~ cd node
~ pwd
/home/conan/workspace/nodejs/node

切换最新的release的版本v0.11.2-release

 ~ git checkout v0.11.2-release
Branch v0.11.2-release set up to track remote branch v0.11.2-release from origin.
Switched to a new branch ’v0.11.2-release’

进行安装

 ./configure
make
sudo make install

安装完成，查看node版本

 ~ node -v
-bash: /usr/bin/node: No such file or directory

提示错误，没有找到node，查一下node安装位置

 ~ whereis node
node: /usr/local/bin/node

增加软链接：node和npm到/usr/bin

 ~ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/node /usr/bin/node
~ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm

我们再查看node和npm版本

 ~ node -v
v0.11.2
~ npm -v
1.2.21

下面安装express

 ~ sudo npm install express -g
[email protected] /usr/local/lib/node_modules/express
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
└── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

安装成功。

3. 建立express工程，启动第一个项目

 ~ express -e nodejs-demo
create : nodejs-demo
create : nodejs-demo/package.json
create : nodejs-demo/app.js
create : nodejs-demo/public
create : nodejs-demo/public/javascripts
create : nodejs-demo/public/images
create : nodejs-demo/public/stylesheets
create : nodejs-demo/public/stylesheets/style.css
create : nodejs-demo/routes
create : nodejs-demo/routes/index.js
create : nodejs-demo/routes/user.js
create : nodejs-demo/views
create : nodejs-demo/views/index.ejs
install dependencies:
$ cd nodejs-demo && npm install
run the app:
$ node app

安装依赖包

 ~ cd nodejs-demo
~ sudo npm install
[email protected] node_modules/express
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected]
├── [email protected] ([email protected])
└── [email protected] ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])

启动程序

 ~ node app.js
Express server listening on port 3000

测试是否启动成功curl

 ~ sudo apt-get install curl
~ curl localhost:3000

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Express</title>
<link rel=’stylesheet’ href=’/stylesheets/style.css’ />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Express</h1>
<p>Welcome to Express</p>
</body>
</html>

nodejs的服务器日志：